Broadly speaking, natural polymers can be used in tissue engineering due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. Hydrogels, which are a member of the family of natural polymers, can absorb and swell up to several times their own weight in water. So much so that after removing the absorbed water, which is often done by freeze drying, the created three-dimensional network can act like the extracellular matrix and be a suitable scaffold for the connection and adhesion of cells.
He continued: Injectable hydrogels have the ability to easily fill damaged tissues of any shape and size. Despite the advantages of these compounds, one of the problems of hydrogels is their poor mechanical properties, which limits their use in tissues under pressure such as bone and cartilage; In this research, temperature-sensitive alginate and gelatin polymers were used to prepare injectable hydrogels.
The researcher further said: After making injectable hydrogels, mechanical properties, cell survival rate in the extracorporeal environment, biodegradability, swelling and water absorption in hydrogels and their porosity were studied and investigated.
He also explained the importance of implementing this plan and its benefits: every year, millions of patients undergo surgery for tissue reconstruction and repair. A few of them are treated satisfactorily and promisingly, but another group is treated less effectively, and of course millions of people are still waiting for an acceptable method to help them.
Ghanbari added: As you know, organ or tissue loss or failure is one of the frequent, devastating and costly problems in human health care. Novel tissue engineering applies the principles of biology and engineering to develop functional replacements for damaged tissue. Most tissue engineers who are actively involved in the design of synthetic and natural scaffolds or matrices prefer that these compounds are degraded after implantation in the body, because the long-term presence of foreign materials in the body may cause a variety of unwanted effects such as implant-related infection or to mutate
He stated: What is clear is that we need tools to develop new biological materials and relate this strategy to tissue engineering. Although some tools involve the direct injection of cells into the tissues one intends to regenerate, most researchers working in the field of tissue engineering and working with cultured cells are trying to implant combinations of cells and scaffolds. These hybrid structures are usually three-dimensional and require access to cells and nutrients or have to use active compounds and waste materials.
Ghanbari further stated: Currently, researchers have turned their attention to the recovery or repair of many tissues and organs. The use of injectable hydrogels allows the patient to repair and regenerate the damaged tissue without surgery and by injecting an ampoule. The use of injectable hydrogels in the medical field reduces the cost, increases the effectiveness, and improves the damaged tissue in less time. Also, it does not have the problems of surgery such as retraction of the organ.
In the end, he pointed out about tissue engineering: tissue engineering is a promising method that provides the possibility of new tissue formation by using the combination of stimulating factors, scaffolds and cells. This science is one of the trends of biomaterials and a branch of medical engineering that includes a combination of materials engineering, biochemistry and biology. Novel tissue engineering applies the principles of biology and engineering to develop functional replacements for damaged tissue.
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